For example, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid does not vary significantly with the rate of deformation. However, the dependence on some of these properties is negligible in certain cases. In general, viscosity depends on a fluid's state, such as its temperature, pressure, and rate of deformation. For a tube with a constant rate of flow, the strength of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid's viscosity. This is because a force is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion. Experiments show that some stress (such as a pressure difference between the two ends of the tube) is needed to sustain the flow. For instance, when a viscous fluid is forced through a tube, it flows more quickly near the tube's axis than near its walls. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid that are in relative motion. Thus its SI units are newton-seconds per square metre, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure and NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure The definition of STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure and NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure.The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate.Elevation, Temperature and Air Pressure Altitude and speed of sound, temperature and pressure. Pressure Introduction to pressure - online pressure units converter.International Standard Atmosphere International standard atmosphere in elevation -2000 to 30000 metre - pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and velocity of sound. Temperature - Imperial Units Density and specific volume of dry air and water vapor at temperatures ranging 225 to 900 degF (107 to 482 degC). Dry Air and Water Vapor - Density and Specific Volume vs.Barometric Pressure - Pressure in psi, psf and kPa Convert between barometric pressure inches Hg, psi and psf.Barometer - Altitude Compensation Elevation compensating manometer.Elevation above Sea Level Elevation above sea level - in feet and meter - with barometric and atmospheric pressure - inches mercury, psia, kg/cm 2 and kPa. Altitude Elevation above sea level and air temperature, pressure and density. Air Temperature, Pressure and Density vs.Temperature and Pressure Online calculator with figures and tables showing air thermal conductivity vs. Temperature Speed of sound in air at standard atmospheric pressure with temperatures ranging -40 to 1000 oC (-40 to 1500 oF) - Imperial and SI Units. Pressure at Constant Temperature Figures and tables with isobaric (Cp) and isochoric (Cv) specific heat of air at constant temperature and pressure ranging 0.01 to 10000 bara. Temperature and Pressure Online calculator, figures and tables showing density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficients of air at temperatures ranging -100 to 1600 ☌ (-140 to 2900 ☏) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units. Air - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient vs.Altitude Density and specific volume of air varies with elevation above sea level. Air - Composition and Molecular Weight Dry air is a mechanical mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and several other gases in minor amounts.Material Properties Material properties of gases, fluids and solids - densities, specific heats, viscosities and more.Altitude - SI Units Geo potential Altitude above Sea Level Standard Atmosphere Air Properties - Metric Units Altitude - Imperial Units Geo-potential Altitude above Sea Level Standard Atmosphere Air Properties - Imperial (BG) Units
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